Is it coercive control? / SUR / SUR-2
SUR-2
Accessing or demanding access to devices, accounts, and passwords
Definition
Demands for passwords, evidence of having read private communications, installation or reference to tracking tools, or control over devices and accounts that enable ongoing visibility.
How it operates
Quoting private messages, demanding shared location permanently, requiring passwords or account access, installing or referencing spyware or monitoring software, and controlling shared cloud or family accounts that persist after separation.
Function
Eliminate private channels of communication and information so that the target's digital life remains open to the abuser.
Harm
The loss of private space; the target cannot communicate, seek information, or store personal material without the possibility of inspection.
Why this is coercive control
Mutually agreed shared family accounts absent coercion or punitive enforcement. The conduct here eliminates private channels of communication and information so that the target's digital life remains open to the abuser.
Constructed example
“I read your messages with Priya last night. Interesting how you talk about me. We'll discuss it when you're home.”
Fictitious. Written to illustrate the behavior. Not a case.
Dragiewicz et al. 2018; Hocking et al. 2025; Brown, Harkin & Tanczer; Woodlock 2017.
Literature this family is drawn from
- Harris, B., & Woodlock, D. (2019). Digital coercive control: Insights from two landmark domestic violence studies. The British Journal of Criminology, 59(3), 530-550.
- Forensic linguistic evidence of psychological abuse and discursive manipulation in cyberstalking cases. Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict (2026).
- Cal. Fam. Code § 6320(c), as amended by 2020 Cal. Stat. ch. 248 (SB 1141).
- Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-1(b) (Jennifer’s Law, 2021).
Identifying a behavior described here does not establish a pattern of behavior and does not establish coercive control. A tactic is not a regime. The instrument consolidates peer-reviewed literature so a reader can check when in doubt. The instrument is not a coding manual. Carlton Research does not provide the instrument as a weapon.
© 2026 Carisa Carlton.
Carlton, C. (2026). Is it coercive control?: SUR-2. Carlton Research Instruments. /codebook/sur-2. Last reviewed August 31, 2026.