Is it coercive control? / REC / REC-1

REC-1

Apology and promise-to-change messages following coded incidents

Definition

Expressions of remorse, regret, or promises of permanent change that function to reset the target's resistance, restore access, and re-secure the attachment bond after controlling behavior has been applied. These messages do not constitute genuine repair. They operate as intermittent reinforcement that trains the target to remain invested despite prior harm, thereby deepening traumatic bonding and making future control tactics more effective.

How it operates

Statements of remorse or reform that appear within the same thread or within a short temporal window after other controlling messages. Promises that the harmful behavior will never happen again, or that the abuser has fundamentally changed. Declarations that re-idealize the target immediately after devaluation or threat.

Function

Reset the target's resistance, restore access, and re-secure the attachment bond after controlling behavior. Intermittent reinforcement that trains the target to remain invested despite prior harm.

Harm

Deepened traumatic bonding. The target remains invested despite prior harm, and later control tactics land with greater force.

Why this is coercive control

Genuine, sustained change in conduct, with no return to control tactics, is not this behavior. The conduct here resets resistance and re-secures the attachment bond after control has already been applied.

Constructed example

I hate who I was last night. Never again. You're my whole world," followed by repetition of the same behaviors.

Fictitious. Written to illustrate the behavior. Not a case.

Dutton & Painter 1993; Stark 2007; Walker 1979.

Also in REC

Literature this family is drawn from

  • Dutton, D. G., & Painter, S. (1993). Emotional attachments in abusive relationships: A test of traumatic bonding theory. Violence and Victims, 8(2), 105-120.

Literature map

Identifying a behavior described here does not establish a pattern of behavior and does not establish coercive control. A tactic is not a regime. The instrument consolidates peer-reviewed literature so a reader can check when in doubt. The instrument is not a coding manual. Carlton Research does not provide the instrument as a weapon.

© 2026 Carisa Carlton.

How to cite

Carlton, C. (2026). Is it coercive control?: REC-1. Carlton Research Instruments. /codebook/rec-1. Last reviewed August 31, 2026.