Is it coercive control? / INST / INST-2

INST-2

Vexatious or strategic litigation references

Definition

Using filings, motions, subpoenas, the cost or duration of litigation itself, or an accurate court order or process as leverage or a threat rather than as a genuine invocation of process.

How it operates

Threats to escalate to counsel, the court, or a third-party evaluator as a consequence for the target's conduct. Accurate citation of an actual order used to pressure or intimidate rather than to request compliance with its actual terms. References to the volume, cost, or duration of proceedings as punishment.

Function

Force ongoing contact, financially and psychologically exhaust the target, and control the pace and terms of separation through the legal system.

Harm

Resource depletion, chronic stress, forced engagement, and the conversion of the legal process into an additional site of domination. The abuser weaponizes the formal requirements and costs of legal systems to restrict the target's autonomy after physical separation. Every attempt by the target to establish safety or finality becomes an opportunity for further contact, cost, and pressure. The liberty deprivation moves from the private relationship into the courtroom itself.

Why this is coercive control

A single, measured reference to what an order requires, offered to explain a position or request compliance, is not this conduct. The conduct here forces ongoing contact, financially and psychologically exhausts the target, and controls the pace and terms of separation through the legal system.

Constructed example

Keep this up and see how it looks to the judge when I bring six months of messages like this one.

Fictitious. Written to illustrate the behavior. Not a case.

Douglas 2018; Gutowski & Goodman 2023; Miller & Smolter 2011.

Literature this family is drawn from

  • Sweet, P. L. (2019). The sociology of gaslighting. American Sociological Review, 84(5), 851-875.
  • Douglas, H. (2018). Legal systems abuse and coercive control. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 18(1), 84-99.
  • Miller, S. L., & Smolter, N. L. (2011). “Paper abuse”: When all else fails, batterers use procedural stalking. Violence Against Women, 17(5), 637-650.
  • Bettinson, V. (2022). A comparative analysis of the defence of duress in England and Wales and Scotland: Implications for victims of coercive control. Journal of Criminal Law.
  • Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-1(b) (Jennifer’s Law, 2021).

Literature map

Forums that enumerate this family

A statute that names a tactic is not a finding that the tactic is present.

Identifying a behavior described here does not establish a pattern of behavior and does not establish coercive control. A tactic is not a regime. The instrument consolidates peer-reviewed literature so a reader can check when in doubt. The instrument is not a coding manual. Carlton Research does not provide the instrument as a weapon.

© 2026 Carisa Carlton.

How to cite

Carlton, C. (2026). Is it coercive control?: INST-2. Carlton Research Instruments. /codebook/inst-2. Last reviewed August 31, 2026.