Is it coercive control? / GAS / GAS-1

GAS-1

Reality distortion, denial and rewriting of events

Definition

Denying that events occurred and insisting on counterfactual versions of shared history.

How it operates

Statements such as "That never happened," "You're remembering it wrong," or systematic rewriting of prior conversations, agreements, or incidents. Digital forms (texts, emails, parenting apps) that assert a counterfactual record are included.

Function

Make the target distrust their own memory and perception so that the abuser's version becomes the only reliable account.

Harm

The erosion of epistemic confidence: the target begins to doubt what they know and becomes more dependent on the abuser's reality.

Why this is coercive control

Good-faith disagreement about the interpretation of an ambiguous event. The conduct here makes the target distrust their own memory and perception so that the abuser's version becomes the only reliable account.

Constructed example

I never said that. You're inventing things again.

Fictitious. Written to illustrate the behavior. Not a case.

Adair 2025; Tager-Shafrir et al. 2024; Sweet 2019.

Also in GAS

Literature this family is drawn from

  • Sweet, P. L. (2019). The sociology of gaslighting. American Sociological Review, 84(5), 851-875.
  • Forensic linguistic evidence of psychological abuse and discursive manipulation in cyberstalking cases. Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict (2026).

Literature map

Identifying a behavior described here does not establish a pattern of behavior and does not establish coercive control. A tactic is not a regime. The instrument consolidates peer-reviewed literature so a reader can check when in doubt. The instrument is not a coding manual. Carlton Research does not provide the instrument as a weapon.

© 2026 Carisa Carlton.

How to cite

Carlton, C. (2026). Is it coercive control?: GAS-1. Carlton Research Instruments. /codebook/gas-1. Last reviewed August 31, 2026.